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向着科技强国阔步前进(奋勇争先,决战决胜“十四五”)

“人造太阳”屡创纪录,为开发核聚变能源打下坚实基础;鸿蒙电脑问世,我国自此拥有从内核层就自主可控的电脑操作系统;“天工”“宇树”等人形机器人加速迭代,在工业制造、商用服务领域展现可观前景……


  科技成果持续涌现,新质生产力加快培育,一项项重大突破为经济社会高质量发展注入强劲动能。


  习近平总书记强调:“科技创新和产业创新,是发展新质生产力的基本路径。”“必须深入实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略,完善国家创新体系,加快建设科技强国,实现高水平科技自立自强。”


  深入贯彻落实习近平总书记重要指示精神,各地区各部门加快创新步伐,推动创新链和产业链无缝对接,努力把科技成果转化为实实在在的生产力。创新驱动的“中国号”航船正在新时代航程中乘风破浪,向着科技强国的目标阔步前进。
 持续加强基础研究,增加高质量科技供给——
放电声噼啪作响,明亮电弧高速闪现空中。实验室中,尖端放电设备正在模拟有害电弧的产生。
     清华大学类脑计算研究中心自主研制出基于原语表示的类脑互补视觉芯片“天眸芯”,助力精准捕捉电弧。科研人员通过显示屏清晰“看见”电弧演化轨迹,精准记录动态演化过程,为电力故障诊断与安全评估提供数据支持。


  “即使在低带宽、低功耗的环境中,芯片也能实现高速、高精度、高动态范围的视觉信息采集,满足一些行业场景的极致视觉要求。”清华大学教授施路平介绍,他和团队正在车载平台、工业机器人等设备上开展芯片性能验证,争取尽快服务各行各业。


  科技创新能够催生新产业、新模式、新动能。我国加快提升科技创新能力,开辟发展新领域新赛道。2024年,全社会研究与试验发展经费投入超3.6万亿元,其中基础研究经费达2497亿元,占比6.91%。
    加快产业结构优化升级,促进新旧动能接续转换——
    凌晨3点,位于江苏南京的宝钢股份梅钢公司炼钢厂连铸浇钢平台生产正忙。工人邹世文坐在中央控制室,查看屏幕上的实时生产画面和数据流,在浇钢工岗位上忙碌的,则是他的“徒弟”——两个六轴浇钢机器人。


  2022年,梅钢开展智能化转型,自主研发应用“连铸生产全过程自动化技术”,实现了连铸开浇、浇铸过程、切割及出坯作业全过程一键自动化贯通。


  “这项技术的应用端由人工智能自动浇钢模型和浇钢机器人组成。工人的经验被模型学习,让机器人保持最佳状态。”梅钢企划部负责人朱建秋介绍,生产系统将指令通过5G网络传递到模型,“智慧大脑”自动作出分析判断,再指挥两个机器人完成工序。该技术投产后,产品精度提高20%,生产效率增加10%,吨钢能耗下降24%。
    科技创新引领智能化升级,今年上半年,我国规模以上高技术制造业增加值同比增长9.5%,信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业增加值同比增长11.1%。
搭建平台、健全体制机制,强化企业创新主体地位——
     浙江杭州富加镓业有限公司研发的氧化镓单晶在1800摄氏度高温中生长。作为第四代半导体新材料的代表,氧化镓凭借超宽带隙、超低损耗等优势,在高功率电力电子器件及紫外探测器件领域潜力巨大。


  2019年底,富加镓业正式成立。在国内氧化镓单晶产业化起步晚、可借鉴经验少的背景下,初创团队曾面临技术与人才双重困难。


  关键时刻,在杭州光学精密机械研究所平台助力下,富加镓业实现快速成长。富加镓业创始人齐红基感触很深:“研究所的概念验证中心为企业开放霍尔效应测试系统、X射线衍射仪等关键设备,提供样品性能测试服务,实现了材料研究快速迭代反馈,为产业化落地节约了1至2年的时间。”


  放眼全国,多地通过建设承载园区、概念验证平台等举措,为科技成果转化提供全方位、全周期的支持。2024年,国家级科技企业孵化器达到1606家。


  当前,我国科技创新基础性制度框架基本确立,国家创新体系整体效能进一步提升。让科技创新与产业创新双向奔赴,经济新动能将持续壮大,为进一步全面深化改革增动力、添活力。

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